Vapor generator



April .12, 1932. w. AB ENDROTH 1,

' VAPOR GENERATOfi Filed Oct. 2, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A ril 12, 1932.

w. ABENDROTH VAPOR GENERATOR Filed 05%. 2. 1930 2 Sheets-Shet 2 Patented Apr. 12, 1932 UNITED STATESTPATENT orricr.

WILHELM" ABENDROTH; OF IBERLIN-CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGN'OR "1'0 SIEMENS-SGHUGKERTWIERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHA FT, F BERLIN 'SIEMENSSTADT,

GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY 1 VAPOR GENERATOR Application. filed October 2, 1930, Serial No. 485,928, and in Germany'october 8, 1929.

Myinvention relates to vapor generators and specifically-to an arrangement of tubes for vapor generators Consisting of a heated system of tubes. i

"5 In the'art, generators consisting solely of a heated system of tubes are known. :The vapor generating elements of the boilers of that kind hitherto constructed are made of tube elements conducted backward and forward several times." When several steam generating elements of that kind are connected in parallel, the disadvantage arises that under'certain conditions the steam discharged into the collector by the various parallel tubes is'in different states. In order to ensure that an equlization occurs, the collector must be made comparatively large, which causes difficulties in boilers working at high pres-i sures. It has, therefore, already been proposed to insert between the distributor and the collector a mixing pot, into WhIClIVthB working medium flows after having passed once or several times through the spaceheated by radiation, and from which it is then distributed into further tubes also connected in parallel. This arrangement again has the disadvantage that the mixing pot is outside the boiler and that the generation of vapor or steam is interrupted during the mixing process.

My invention has as its object to provide an arrangement of tubes for vapor generators consisting of a heated system of tubes, in which the mixing of the working medium heated in the individual parallel tubes can take place without interrupting the genera tion of vapor. It consists in alternately dividing the quantity of workinginedium to be evaporated into several parallel currents and re-uniting the individual currents into asingle main current,the partial currents and the re-united current flowing, each in their respective section, about the same distance. The mixing of the partial currents, into which the quantity of working medium was divided, then takes place in the tube, in which the quantity of working medium is reunited to a singlecurrent. In order to avoid an interruption in the generation of steam, the tube in which tne quantity of working medium is re-united to a single current, may also be exposed to'the influence of the heat-V mg gases. According to the invention, the

' vapor generator tubes are preferably placed 111 an inclined position in such a manner that section through, a layer rot-tubes, and Fig.

3 is a vertical section through a number of layers oftubes onthe line 3-3, Fig. 2.

As. shown in Figs. 1 and 3 the entire system of tubes mounted in the steam generator consists "ofa considerable number of substan-v tiallyh'orizontal layers oftubes of the character illustrated in Fig. 2. As willbe seen from this figure, each layer consists of a plurality'in thiscase twoof banks of parallel tubes 3 and '8, the tubes?) being joined at one end by acommon distributor 2 and at the other end by a common collector 4. -sim'ilarly the bank of tubes 8 is j oined at one end by distributor 7 and at theother end by collector-f9. In the present example, as shown particularly in Fig.3, each bank has two superp'osed-rowsgof tubes. The banks within each layer are arranged side by side in the plane of the layer, and have all distributors atone end of the layer and all collectors at the other end. The collector, such a's 4, of one bank is connected with the distributor, such as 7, of the next adjacent bank by a mixing tube'5,*of sufficient size to carry the operating medium flowing through all tubes of its pertaining bank, suchias 3, this mixing tube running in parallel to the tubes andbeing exposed, the same as the tubes, to the heat of the combustion gases. From the collector 9 of bank 8 the medium is discharged through a similarly disposed mixing tube 10 is traversed seriatim. By arranging the dis-' tributorsof all layers at one end and the collectors at the other end ofthe layers, two end walls are formed by these distributors and collectors between which the combustion,

gases travel, as shown in Fig. 1.

The feed water enters the first layer the group. at the first distributor 2 (Fig. 1), being supplied through a feeder pipe 12 from the force feed pump 13, and is now distributed over the first bank of. tubes 3, where it is heated and the steam generation commences. The tubes are sli htly'upwardly inclined in'the direction of medium flow, as

shown in Fig. 1. The medium,which may not have beenheated uniformly to thesame.

state in all tubes is now collected by the collector 4 and unitedin the onemixing tube 5 i and conveyed in slightly downward direction through thelength of the bank to the distributor of the next bank without loss of heat, since tube 5 is exposed to the hot gases similar to the bank tubes. By thus splitting up the medium into individual small currentsand reuniting it in a mixing tube several times in one layer, and repeating this in alllayers of a whole group, great uniformity in heating the medium and thus in steam generation is attained. I

As shown in Fig. 1, a number of superposed layers of banks are joined into one group 15, which layers are traversed by the medium seriatim in a direction opposite to the direction ofthe combustion gas flow indicated by the arrow. The medium leaves this group through pipe 16 and enters a lower group of layers 17 at the bottom, traversing these layers seriatim in the same directionas the combustion gases, finally leaving the generator through the service main 18. By arranging the layers in several groups and directing the travel of the mediumthrough the groups, as aforedescribed, one group -(in this case 15.) can serve as the steam generator proper, and the other group '(in' this case 17 can serve as a superheater.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a forced circulation tubular steam generator a plurality of superposed layers of tubes, each layer extending in aplane substantially at right angles to the combustion gas flow, each layer consisting of a plurality of tube banks arranged side by side in the layer plane, each bank consisting of a plurality. of parallel tubes adapted to conduct the operating medium, the tubes of each bank being joined at oneend by a common distributor and-at theother end by a common total amountiofm'edium passing between said layers. .7

2. In a forced circulation. tubular steam generator a plurality of superposed layers of tubes, each layer extending ina plane substantially at right angles to the combustion gas flow. each layer consisting of a plurality of tube banks arranged side by sidein the layer plane, each bank. consisting of aplurality of parallel tubes adapted to conduct the operating medium, the tubes-of each bank being joined at one end by a; common distributor and at the other end by a common collector, a mixing pipe connecting the collector of one bank with the distributor of the next adjacent bank, and being adapted to carry the total amount of medium fromall tubes of one banktothe next bank, and a mixing pipe connecting the'last collector of one layer with the distributor .o f'the next adj acent layer'and being adaptedto carry the total amount of medium passing between said layers, the collectors and distributors of the several layers being superposed respectively upon one another, and all mixing pipes being disposed in parallel with and closely adjacent to the pertaining banktubes and being located with the bank tubes in the path of the combustion gases. V

3. In a forced circulation tubular steam generator a plurality of superposed layers of tubes, eachlayer extending in a plane substantially at right angles to the combustion gas flow, each layer consisting of a plurality oftube banks arranged side by side in the layer plane, each bank consisting of a plurality of parallel tubes adapted to conduct the operating medium, the tubes of each bank being joined at one end by a common distributor and at the other end bya commoncollector, a mixing pipe connecting the collector of one bank with the distributorof the next adjacent bank, and being adapted to carry the total amount of medium from all tubes of one bank to the next bank, and a mixing pipe connecting the last collector of one layer with the distributor of the next adjacent lay: er and being adapted to carry, the total amountof medium passing between said layers, the collectors and distributors of the several layers being superposed respectively upon one another, and all mixing pipes being disposed in parallel with and closely adj acent to the pertaining bank tubes and being located with the bank tubesin the path of the combustion gases, a number of layers being joined into a group traversed by the medium,

with respect to the layers, opposite to the direction of Combustion gas flow, and another number of layers being joined into a group traversed by the medium, with respect to the layers in the direction of the combustion gas flow.

In testimony whereof-I affix my signature.

WILHELM ABENDROTH. 

